citation intelligence collective

Columbia University Press. Tools. However, various proposals and working papers are in progress or already completed but (supposedly) still in a scholarly peer reviewing publication process. [20] Wheeler saw this collaborative process at work in ants that acted like the cells of a single beast he called a superorganism. CI, in turn, is most strongly predicted by group collaboration . In learner-generated context a group of users marshal resources to create an ecology that meets their needs often (but not only) in relation to the co-configuration, co-creation and co-design of a particular learning space that allows learners to create their own context. About the beginning of life, bacteria in the gut and collective intelligence in bees. A new scientific understanding of collective intelligence defines it as a group's general ability to perform a wide range of tasks. Henry Jenkins (2002) in Flew, Terry and Humphreys, Sal (2005). [152] In 2016, an UNU swarm was challenged by a reporter to predict the winners of the Kentucky Derby, and successfully picked the first four horses, in order, beating 540 to 1 odds.[155][156]. Programming Collective Intelligence. [94] In how far such training ultimately improves collective intelligence through social sensitivity remains an open question. It must also promote individual and collective learning. [12] According to Woolley et al. [98][99] Further supplementing explanations and conceptualizations for the factor structure of the Genomes of collective intelligence besides a general 'c factor', though, are missing yet. This paper describes how Swarm AI, a novel collaborative intelligence technology modeled on the decision-making process of honey bee swarms, enables networked human groups to more effectively leverage their combined insights. . Vous allez recevoir un mail avec un lien de connexion automatique. The resulting information structure can be seen as reflecting the collective knowledge (or collective intelligence) of a community of users and is commonly called a "Folksonomy", and the process can be captured by models of collaborative tagging. 2 citations < Page 1/1 Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 30Millennials are insatiable consumers of information from social networks or collective intelligence. Collective intelligence is a phrase used to describe the process of a group of people collaborating on an opinion or project. By: Ethan Bernstein, Paul McKinnon and Paul Yarabe. Collective actions or tasks require different amounts of coordination depending on the complexity of the task. Studies of collective intelligence in animal groups typically overlook potential improvement through learning. Artificial intelligence and collective intelligence: the emergence of a new field. ». The Nesta Centre for Collective Intelligence Design [114] was launched in 2018 and has produced many surveys of applications as well as funding experiments. Rule is, perhaps, too rigid a word. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 178Intelligence collective , dit - on ; raison impersonnelle . ... tant pour justifier la longueur de la citation dont on se plaindrait à tort , que pour répondre aux personnes assez nombreuses qui ne s'habituent pas à considérer la ... [12][38][44][64][78], In 2001, Tadeusz (Tad) Szuba from the AGH University in Poland proposed a formal model for the phenomenon of collective intelligence. A definition of C.I. MIT Press, Nov 13, 2015 - Business & Economics - 232 pages. psychometric approach of general individual intelligence, hierarchical model of intelligence differences, "Collective Intelligence, the Future of Internet and the IEML: Interview to Pierre Lévy by Art Farley and Massimo Lollini", http://www.thinkers.sa.gov.au/images/Mulgan_Final_Report.pdf, "Aristotle and the Virtue of the Multitude", "About the Book – Foundation for Conscious Evolution", Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework, "Collective Intelligence, Data Routing and Braess' Paradox", "Game Theoretic Learning in Distributed Control", "Collective Intelligence as a Field of Multi‐disciplinary Study and Practice", Reflections on the evolution of choice and collective intelligence, Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything, "Reading the Mind in the Eyes or reading between the lines? Collective Intelligence in Action is a hands-on guidebook for implementing collective intelligence concepts using Java. Writers who have influenced the idea of collective intelligence include Francis Galton, Douglas Hofstadter (1979), Peter Russell (1983), Tom Atlee (1993), Pierre Lévy (1994), Howard Bloom (1995), Francis Heylighen (1995), Douglas Engelbart, Louis Rosenberg, Cliff Joslyn, Ron Dembo, Gottfried Mayer-Kress (2003), Geoff Mulgan, The concept (although not so named) originated in 1785 with the Marquis de Condorcet, whose "jury theorem" states that if each member of a voting group is more likely than not to make a correct decision, the probability that the highest vote of the group is the correct decision increases with the number of members of the group (see Condorcet's jury theorem). (1992) by M J Mataric Venue: From Animals to Animats 2, Second International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (SAB-92), Add To MetaCart. Illustrant son propos par de nombreux cas réels, expliqués grâce à l'architecture collaborative des organisations, Olivier d'Herbemont nous fait découvrir une voie nouvelle dans cette quète du graal que constitue la transformation des ... New media are often associated with the promotion and enhancement of collective intelligence. The Bulk Collection of Signals Intelligence: Technical Options study is a result of an activity called for in Presidential Policy Directive 28 (PPD-28), issued by President Obama in January 2014, to evaluate U.S. signals intelligence practices. For example, estimating the weight of an object, or the release date of a product or probability of success of a project etc. [146], Research performed by Tapscott and Williams has provided a few examples of the benefits of collective intelligence to business:[42], Cultural theorist and online community developer, John Banks considered the contribution of online fan communities in the creation of the Trainz product. In these situations, the teams' ability of local adaptive knowledge integration can help organizations cope with increasing challenges of . The use of interactive new media, particularly the internet, promotes online interaction and this distribution of knowledge between users. The National . The password is written in the profiles and the accounts named "Shared Galaxy" are open to be used by anyone. 60 citations. [4] This notion of collective intelligence is referred to as "symbiotic intelligence" by Norman Lee Johnson. Citation: Ducrée J, Etzrodt M, Bartling S, Walshe R, Harrington T, Wittek N, Posth S, Wittek K, Ionita A, Prinz W, Kogias D, Paixão T, Peterfi I and Lawton J (2021) Unchaining Collective Intelligence for Science, Research, and Technology Development by Blockchain-Boosted Community Participation. [111] Their interaction in abstract computational space creates multi-thread inference process which we perceive as collective intelligence. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 190Springer, Heidelberg (2011), http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2023144.2023150 Elseberg, J., Borrmann, D., Nüchter, A.: Efficient processing of large 3D point clouds. In: Proceedings of the XXIII International Symposium on Information, ... [132], In this context collective intelligence is often confused with shared knowledge. Advanced Search Include Citations Tables: Designing Emergent Behaviors: From Local Interactions to Collective Intelligence. Because of the possibilities of technology global co-operation is nowadays much easier and productive than before. Therefore, without collective intelligence, humans may drive themselves into extinction based on their selfish needs. [32] Leaf cutters care for fungi and carry leaves to feed the fungi. Intentionality is the property of being about, directed at, or representing events, objects, properties and states of affairs. TOP 10 des citations intelligence collective (de célébrités, de films ou d'internautes) et proverbes intelligence collective classés par auteur, thématique, nationalité et par culture. [49] The MIT Center for Collective Intelligence, for instance, announced the detection of The Genome of Collective Intelligence[49] as one of its main goals aiming to develop a taxonomy of organizational building blocks, or genes, that can be combined and recombined to harness the intelligence of crowds. Like individual general intelligence, group collective intelligence is important for predicting the group’s future performance. [Gisèle Szczyglak] -- La 4e de couv. Data was collected from 110 students at a mid-western university. [172], Tom Atlee reflects that, although humans have an innate ability to gather and analyze data, they are affected by culture, education and social institutions. [38] The features of composition that lead to increased levels of collective intelligence in groups include criteria such as higher numbers of women in the group as well as increased diversity of the group. It is also capable of learning and refining its understanding of the world. [130], Lévy and de Kerckhove consider CI from a mass communications perspective, focusing on the ability of networked information and communication technologies to enhance the community knowledge pool. [7][8] A broader definition was provided by Geoff Mulgan in a series of lectures and reports from 2006 onwards [9] and in the book Big Mind [10] which proposed a framework for analysing any thinking system, including both human and machine intelligence, in terms of functional elements (observation, prediction, creativity, judgement etc. Intel. Cambridge Core - Cognition - The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence. [91][92] Whereas it is controversial whether human intelligence can be enhanced via training,[91][92] a group's collective intelligence potentially offers simpler opportunities for improvement by exchanging team members or implementing structures and technologies. [65] Groups that are moderately diverse in cognitive style have higher collective intelligence than those who are very similar in cognitive style or very different. The fifth-generation cellular networks (5G) has boosted the unprecedented convergence between the information world and physical world. United States. Atlee feels that collective intelligence can be encouraged "to overcome 'groupthink' and individual cognitive bias in order to allow a collective to cooperate on one process – while achieving enhanced intellectual performance." Collective intelligence appears to be only moderately correlated with individual group members’ intelligence. [45] Since individuals' g factor scores are highly correlated with full-scale IQ scores, which are in turn regarded as good estimates of g,[13][14] this measurement of collective intelligence can also be seen as an intelligence indicator or quotient respectively for a group (Group-IQ) parallel to an individual's intelligence quotient (IQ) even though the score is not a quotient per se. This project, undertaken in the contexte of the Active Inference Lab, seeks to study the dynamics of collective intelligence from an active inference perspective. Stud. This article critically analyses concepts and models in support of collective intelligence (CI) and collective emotional intelligence (CEI) and their potential impacts on the organizations' teams. The online collaborating participants, however, did neither know nor see each other at all. Voir plus d'idées sur le thème intelligence collective, meilleures photos drôles, trous du cul. In order for this concept to happen, four principles need to exist:[42], - Openness - Sharing ideas and intellectual property: though these resources provide the edge over competitors more benefits accrue from allowing others to share ideas and gain significant improvement and scrutiny through collaboration. In a regression analysis using both individual intelligence of group members and c to predict performance on the criterion tasks, c had a significant effect, but average and maximum individual intelligence had not. [171], Group collective intelligence is a property that emerges through coordination from both bottom-up and top-down processes. Wells's concept of "world brain" (see also the term "global brain"). [12] Furthermore, collective intelligence was found to be related to a group's cognitive diversity[64] including thinking styles and perspectives. The agent is capable of thinking ahead and acting for long periods of time in accordance with its goals/objectives. Share full text access. With the help of collective intelligence applications such as online crowdsourcing, people across the globe are collaborating in developing solutions to climate change. These computer networks give participating users the opportunity to store and to retrieve knowledge through the collective access to these databases and allow them to "harness the hive"[131] Researchers at the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence research and explore collective intelligence of groups of people and computers. Note: Volume is occasionally replaced by the name and date of the issue (e.g., Fall/Winter 2001). Data Science Collective - Business Intelligence and Analytics Best Practices . The study randomly assigned 699 individuals to a total of 192 groups, and asked them to perform a variety of different tasks. [52] While a mediation, statistically speaking, clarifies the mechanism underlying the relationship between a dependent and an independent variable,[61] Wolley agreed in an interview with the Harvard Business Review that these findings are saying that groups of women are smarter than groups of men. [32], David Skrbina[33] cites the concept of a 'group mind' as being derived from Plato's concept of panpsychism (that mind or consciousness is omnipresent and exists in all matter). The use of vignettes may have limited some cognitive biases that might have been triggered by the appearance or mannerisms of patients. This fascinating book demonstrates how you can build Web 2.0 applications to mine the enormous amount of data created by people on the Internet. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 256Burkina Faso, open architecture project in, 46–48 Bush, Vannevar, 217, 218 business: data-driven intelligence for, 112; ... 113–14 chiropractic, 165–67 Christian suppression of early science, 158 citation-measurement-reward cycle, ... » (Aimé Jacquet). [18] Woolley, A. W., Aggarwal, I. and Malone, T. W. (2015) 'Collective Intelligence and Group Performance', Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(6), pp. Millonas, M M. 1992. [145] Such vocabularies can be seen as a form of collective intelligence, emerging from the decentralised actions of a community of users. Wheeler, W. M. (1910). Similarly to Wolley et al.,[12] they also measured social sensitivity with the RME which is actually meant to measure people's ability to detect mental states in other peoples' eyes. [44] Hence, providing multiple team members the chance to speak up made a group more intelligent. Devine and Philips[103] (2001) showed in a meta-analysis that mean cognitive ability predicts team performance in laboratory settings (.37) as well as field settings (.14) – note that this is only a small effect. A socio-technical system is a hybrid system where " the . Je regarde le monde à travers des lunettes merveilleuses que sont les langues, la langue française en particulier avec son . There are two ways for collective intelligence; collective computational intelligence and collective social intelligence. This way of sharing is gradually evolving and influencing the mindset of the current and future generations. La citation la plus longue sur « intelligence collective » est : « Le travail individuel permet de gagner un match mais c'est l'esprit d'équipe et l'intelligence collective qui permet de gagner la coupe du monde. The process is used based on an algorithm computing the collective preferences[135] In creating what he calls 'CI-Art', Nova Scotia based artist Mathew Aldred follows Pierry Lévy's definition of collective intelligence. Mathematically, c and g are both variables summarizing positive correlations among different tasks supposing that performance on one task is comparable with performance on other similar tasks. An art project using Web 2.0 platforms is "Shared Galaxy", an experiment developed by an anonymous artist to create a collective identity that shows up as one person on several platforms like MySpace, Facebook, YouTube and Second Life. [175] This reflects how powerful collective intelligence can be if left to develop. Instead, it's social awareness — the ability to pick up . Though group dynamics have been studied for years, no one has ever applied the individual method of assessing general intelligence to measure “collective intelligence” in groups. How Researchers in Differential Psychology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology Are Collaborating to Understand and Address Health Inequalities", 20.500.11820/134d66d9-98db-447a-a8b2-5b019b96a7bb, "Does working memory training generalize? Group collective intelligence was found to exist separately from individual intelligence. This theory allows simple formal definition of collective intelligence as the property of social structure and seems to be working well for a wide spectrum of beings, from bacterial colonies up to human social structures. Harry Halpin, Valentin Robu, Hana Shepherd, Valentin Robu, Harry Halpin, Hana Shepherd. Le télétravail tend à s’imposer dans le paysage professionnel en France. In his book, James Surowiecki mentioned that most scientists think that benefits of co-operation have much more value when compared to potential costs. Gladwell[89] (2008) showed that the relationship between individual IQ and success works only to a certain point and that additional IQ points over an estimate of IQ 120 do not translate into real life advantages. It is assumed to be an unconscious, random, parallel, and distributed computational process, run in mathematical logic by the social structure. Citation: Society's collective . As the Internet has developed so has the concept of CI as a shared public forum. [134] Another art project using collective intelligence to produce artistic work is Curatron, where a large group of artists together decides on a smaller group that they think would make a good collaborative group. Regression analyses were performed to rule out any confounding factors between study cohorts. Collective behavior describes any cooperative enterprise in which individuals pool their resources to enhance task achievement. [38], Top-down processes cover group interaction, such as structures, processes, and norms. Trouvé à l'intérieurLe travers de l'intelligence collective, c'est de nous enfermer dans nos croyances et le conformisme qui nous en rendent esclaves. Inquiétons-nous de la citation du romancier Goethe « Nul n'est plus esclave que celui qui se croit libre ... Online advertising companies are using collective intelligence to bypass traditional marketing and creative agencies. [40], Phillip Brown and Hugh Lauder quotes Bowles and Gintis (1976) that in order to truly define collective intelligence, it is crucial to separate 'intelligence' from IQism. Having a team too large the overall effectiveness may suffer even when the extra contributors increase the resources. In 1986 Bloom combined the concepts of apoptosis, parallel distributed processing, group selection, and the superorganism to produce a theory of how collective intelligence works. All three had similar predictive power for c, but only social sensitivity was statistically significant (b=0.33, P=0.05). [44][63], Bottom-up processes include group composition,[62] namely the characteristics of group members which are aggregated to the team level. [1] Collective IQ is a measure of collective intelligence, although it is often used interchangeably with the term collective intelligence. With teamwork playing an increasingly important role in the classroom, the workplace, and other areas of daily life, it has become more and more of a necessity to understand the factors that contribute to strong performance and successful dynamics within groups. » (Aimé Jacquet). Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 72Du talent individuel à l'intelligence collective Bernadette Lecerf-Thomas ... Il introduit son ouvrage Qui est «je» ?1 par une citation de Nietzsche : « Deviens qui tu es! Fais ce que toi seul peux faire. » Françoise Bernard et renée ... [37], The term group intelligence is sometimes used interchangeably with the term collective intelligence. Jan Marco Leimeister, Michael Huber, Ulrich Bretschneider, Helmut Krcmar (2009): Leveraging Crowdsourcing: Activation-Supporting Components for IT-Based Ideas Competition. [12] Definition, operationalization and statistical methods are derived from g. Similarly as g is highly interrelated with the concept of IQ,[13][14] this measurement of collective intelligence can be interpreted as intelligence quotient for groups (Group-IQ) even though the score is not a quotient per se. Groups were asked to undertake visual puzzle solving, collective brainstorming, moral decision-making, and bargaining for resources. [40] Groupthink often hampers collective intelligence by limiting input to a select few individuals or filtering potential Golden Suggestions without fully developing them to implementation. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 11et développement d'une posture de recherche dans les métiers de l'humain et en intelligence collective Muriel Frisch. CITATION. DE. SØREN. KIERKEGAARD. « Les moyens de communication se perfectionnent sans cesse ; l'on arrive à imprimer ... Groups where a few people dominated the conversation had less collective intelligence than groups in which many members took turns talking. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 69... d'Idées et de Formes ont eu, en relais d'Isocrate, le pouvoir de briser l'intelligence collective des citoyens athéniens. ... Plaise au Tribunal d'admettre que la citation de Daniel Cohn-Bendit ne vaut qu'à titre d'exemple. a) Les ... Collective intelligence is generally more innovative . Luckin, R. (2006), Understanding Learning Contexts as Ecologies of Resources: From the Zone of Proximal Development to Learner Generated Contexts. [159][160][161] Learner-generated contexts represent an ad hoc community that facilitates coordination of collective action in a network of trust. 0 Reviews. [49], Individual intelligence is shown to be genetically and environmentally influenced. The swarm correctly predicted the first four horses, in order, defying 542–1 odds and turning a $20 bet into $10,800. Both studies showed support for a general collective intelligence factor c underlying differences in group performance with an initial eigenvalue accounting for 43% (44% in study 2) of the variance, whereas the next factor accounted for only 18% (20%). [152][153] When connected to UNU, groups of distributed users collectively answer questions and make predictions in real-time. Intel. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 32Keywords: collective intelligence, collective behavior, majority voting rule, machine learning, decision-making, statistical decision theory 1. INTRODUCTION Decisions must be grounded on a good understanding of the state of the world ... 's results, neither team cohesion nor motivation or satisfaction is correlated with c. However, they claim that three factors were found as significant correlates: the variance in the number of speaking turns, group members' average social sensitivity and the proportion of females. Augmented Collective Intelligence where AI may enable CI to scale; Human-Driven Artificial Intelligence where CI may humanize AI. A single person tends to make decisions motivated by self-preservation. It builds on GCRI's prior work on the governance of AI, particularly the papers On the promotion of safe and socially beneficial artificial intelligence and Lessons for artificial intelligence from other global risks. He draws attention to education and the way people are learning to participate in knowledge cultures outside formal learning settings. Pierre Lévy (French: ; born 1956) is a Tunisian-born French philosopher, cultural theorist and media scholar who specializes in the understanding of the cultural and cognitive implications of digital technologies and the phenomenon of human collective intelligence.. [67] While modern systems benefit from larger group size, the serialized process has been found to introduce substantial noise that distorts the collective output of the group. Experts describe the latest research in a rapidly growing multidisciplinary field, the study of groups of individuals acting collectively in ways that seem intelligent. In order to address issues ranging from climate change to developing complex technologies and curing diseases, science . The great majority of debate about artificial intelligence (AI) starts with the capabilities of existing or emergent technologies—machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, natural language processing and so on—and then asks where these might be used. Gosney argues that the Alternate Reality genre of gaming dictates an unprecedented level of collaboration and "collective intelligence" in order to solve the mystery of the game.[150]. In the 192 groups of varying sizes, authors tested the hypothesis that group collective intelligence—or the idea that a group’s aptitude for performing one task is correlated with its ability to successfully navigate other tasks—would be present. Noteworthy is also that the involved researchers among the confirming findings widely overlap with each other and with the authors participating in the original first study around Anita Woolley. Collections & Archives Unique online and physical collections on specific subjects, in distinct formats, and in special archives. In engineering, aggregating many engineering decisions allows for identifying typical good designs. The mind is the original source of intentionality. [12] was further found in groups of MBA students working together over the course of a semester,[79] in online gaming groups[63] as well as in groups from different cultures[80] and groups in different contexts in terms of short-term versus long-term groups. [100], Other scholars explain team performance by aggregating team members' general intelligence to the team level[101][102] instead of building an own overall collective intelligence measure. [41], According to Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams, collective intelligence is mass collaboration. Collective action on artificial intelligence: A primer and review. CI and CEI have claimed to have an effect on the substantial range of activities, including employee initiation, participation, performance . Lee, Sang M., et al. This is because the elites fear that the collective intelligence would convince the people to rebel. Hereby, an individual's performance on a given set of cognitive tasks is used to measure general cognitive ability indicated by the general intelligence factor g extracted via factor analysis. The U.S. intelligence community (IC) is a complex human enterprise whose success depends on how well the people in it perform their work. 19–23. [111] Thus, a non-Turing model of computation is used. The directive instructed the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) to produce a . Original Articles Cyber vigilantism, transmedia collective intelligence, and civic participation. For example, ideas on solving a data science problem (as in Kaggle) or getting a good design for a T-shirt (as in Threadless) or in getting answers to simple problems that only humans can do well (as in Amazon's Mechanical Turk). ‪Astera Institute‬ - ‪‪Cited by 66,564‬‬ - ‪intelligence augmentation‬ - ‪collective intelligence‬ - ‪open science‬ - ‪quantum information‬ - ‪quantum computing‬ La citation la plus belle sur « intelligence collective » est : « Manager, c'est faire émerger l'intelligence collective. [12] Research further suggest that collectively intelligent groups communicate more in general as well as more equally; same applies for participation and is shown for face-to-face as well as online groups communicating only via writing. The Power of Collective Intelligence. In Terry Flew's discussion of 'interactivity' in the online games environment, the ongoing interactive dialogue between users and game developers,[162] he refers to Pierre Lévy's concept of Collective Intelligence (Lévy 1998) harv error: no target: CITEREFLévy1998 (help) and argues this is active in videogames as clans or guilds in MMORPG constantly work to achieve goals. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 250Many of these quantities, like the number of citations or the h-index, are heavily subject to preferential attachment, meaning that the majority of the scientific community achieves low scores in these metrics, with a selected few ... In these situations, the teams' ability of local adaptive knowledge integration can help organizations cope with increasing challenges of . On the other hand, groups whose members are too different seem to have difficulties to communicate and coordinate effectively. [95], There are further more advanced concepts and factor models attempting to explain individual cognitive ability including the categorization of intelligence in fluid and crystallized intelligence[96][97] or the hierarchical model of intelligence differences. 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